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Historical Timeline of CO2

- 1850 Alexander Twining, Yale Professor, introduces the use of CO2 as a refrigerant.
- 1867 Thaddeus S.C. Lowe designs first Ice Machine using CO2 refrigerant.
- 1881 Charles Von Linde develops first European CO2 system.
- 1889 J&E Hall, a British company, builds the first CO2 cascade system.
- 1928 Frigidaire is issued first patent for CFCs.
- 1932 Carrier Engineering Corporation introduces the "Atmospheric Cabinet", the worlds first self-contrained air conditioner.
- 1960 CO2 has disappeared from the market due to technical problems due to high pressure operation compared to chemical company backed "wonder fluids" know as CFCs.
- 1987 The Montreal Protocol addresses the harmful effects of CFCs on our environment. The protocol focuses on phasing out use of these harmful chemicals.
- 1989 Gustav Lorentzen (Norway) rediscovers CO2 as a refrigerant. He is credited with developing the modern transcritical cycle.
- 1992 Lorentzen and Petterson publish their experimental results of their transcritical installation.
- 2009 Formation of EcoClimate Services LLC.
- 2010 HCFC based systems are no longer available for new installations. US federal regulations enact minimum standards for insulated structures used as walk-in coolers and freezers.
- 2015 Coca-Cola commits to this date for CO2 based vending machine.
Central Refrigerant
Parallel piped compressors with intelligent controls
- Central Refrigerant can be used for walk-in coolers, freezers, reach-in units, HVAC coils, etc.
- Compressors are incrementally energized to meet current load demands
- Inherent Redundancy with multi-compressor design
- Ad-hoc compressor circuit expansion capabiliy

Central Refrigerant Diagram
Mass flow controls for precise heat exchange conditions
- Stepper motor valves are used for dynamic control of the evaporator pressure and temperature differential
- Dry vapor point is moved from the evaporator coil to the suction header
- Ad-hoc evaporator installation with Central Refrigerant System
- Available for conventional and natural refrigerants (conditions apply)

Electronically Controlled Evaporator
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